OBJECTIVES:

The student shall acquire the skill to perform dental scaling ,diagnostic tests of periodontal diseases; to use the instruments for periodontal therapy and maintenance of the same.

The student shall develop attitude to impart the preventive measures namely, the prevention of periodontal diseases and prevention of the progress of the disease. The student shall also develop an attitude to perform the treatment with full aseptic precautions; shall develop an attitude to prevent iatrogenic diseases; to conserve the tooth to the maximum possible time by maintaining periodontal health and to refer the patients who require specialist’s care.

Development of perio-dontal tissues, micro-structural anatomy and biology of periodontal tissues in detail Gingiva. Junctional epithelium in detail, Epithelial-Mesenchymal interaction,Periodontal, ligament Cementum, Alveolar bone.

Defensive mechanisms in the oral cavity: Role of-Epithelium,Gingival fluid, Saliva and other defensive mechanisms in the oral environment.

Age changes in periodontal structures and their significance in Geriatric dentistry

Age changes in teeth and periodontal structures and their association with periodontal diseases

Need for classification, Scientific basis of classification

Classification of gingival and periodontal diseases as described in World Workshop1989

Gingivitis: Plaque associated, ANUG, steroid hormone influenced, Medication influenced, Desquamative gingivitis, other forms of gingivitis as in nutritional deficiency, bacterial and viral infections etc.

Periodontitis: Adult periodontitis, Rapidly progressive periodontitis A&B, Juvenile periodontitis (localized, generalized, and post-juvenile), Prepubertal periodontitis, Refractory periodontitis

Localized and generalized gingivitis, Papillary, marginal and diffuse gingivitis

Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, symptoms and management of

i) Plaque associated gingivitis

ii) Systemically aggravated gingivitis(sex hormones, drugs and systemic diseases)

iii) ANUG

iv) Desquamative gingivitis-Gingivitis associated with lichen planus, pemphigoid, pemphigus, and other vesiculobullous lesions

v) Allergic gingivitis

vi) Infective gingivitis-Herpetic, bacterial and candidial

vii) Pericoronitis

-Definition of index, incidence,prevalence, epidemiology, endemic,epidemic,and Pandemic

-Classification of indices(Irreversible and reversible)

-Deficiencies of earlier indices used in Periodontics

-Detailed understanding of Silness &Loe Plaque Index ,Loe&Silness Gingival Index, CPITN &CPI.

-Prevalence of periodontal diseases in India and other countries.

Mechanism of spread of inflammation from gingival area to deeper periodontal structures

Dental Plaque (Biofilm)

-Definition, New concept of biofilm

-Types , composition, bacterial colonization, growth,maturation &disclosing agents

-Role of dental plaque in periodontal diseases

-Plaque microorganisms in detail and bacteria

associated with periodontal diseases

-Plaque retentive factors

-Materia alba

-Food debris

Calculus

-Definition

-Types, composition, attachment, theories of formation

-Role of calculus in disease

Food Impaction

-Definition

-Types, Etiology

-Hirschfelds’ classification

-Signs ,symptoms &sequelae of treatment

Trauma from occlusion

-Definition, Types

-Histopathological changes

-Role in periodontal disease

-Measures of management in brief

Habits

-Their periodontal significance

-Bruxism &parafunctional habits, tongue thrusting ,lip biting, occupational habits

IATROGENIC FACTORS

Conservative Dentistry

-Restorations

-Contact point, marginal ridge, surface roughness, overhanging restorations, interface between restoration and teeth

Prosthodontics

-Interrelationship

-Bridges and other prosthesis, pontics(types) ,surface contour, relationships of margins to the periodontium, Gingival protection theory, muscle action theory& theory of access to oral hygiene.

Orthodontics

-Interrelationship, removable appliances &fixed appliances

-Retention of plaque, bacterial changes

Systemic diseases

-Diabetes, sex hormones, nutrition (Vit.C &proteins)

-AIDS & periodontium

-Mechanism of initiation and

progression of periodontal

diseases

-Basic concepts about cells, Mast

cells, neutrophils, macrophages,

lymphocytes, immunoglobulins,

complement system, immune

mechanisms & cytokines in brief

-Stages in gingivitis-Initial, early,

established & advanced

-Periodontal disease activity,

continuous paradigm, random

burst & asynchronous multiple

-Etiology ,histopathology ,clinical

signs & symptoms, diagnosis and

treatment of adult periodontitis

-Periodontal abscess; definition,

classification, pathogenesis,

differential diagnosis and

treatment

-Furcation involvement,

Glickmans’ classification,

prognosis and management

-Rapidly progressive periodontitis

-Juvenile periodontitis: Localized

and generalized

-Post-juvenile periodontitis

-Periodontitis associated with

systemic diseases

- Routine procedures, methods of probing, types of probes,(According to case history)

- A. General principles of periodontal therapy. Phase I, II,    III, IV therapy.

Definition of periodontal regeneration, repair, new attachment and reattachment.

- B. Plaque control

       i.  Mechanical tooth brushes, interdental

           cleaning aids, dentifrices

       ii. Chemical; classification and mechanism

          of action of each & pocket irrigation

- Scaling and root planing:

- Indications

- Aims & objectives

- Healing following root planning

- Hand instruments, sonic, ultrasonic & piezo-

  electric scalers

- Curettage &present concepts

- Definition

- Indications

- Aims &objectives

- Procedures & healing response

- Flap surgery

       - Definition

- Types of flaps, Design of flaps, papilla

   preservation

- Indications & contraindications

      - Armamentarium

- Surgical procedure & healing

Osseous defects in periodontal disease

-Definition

-Classification

-Surgery: resective, additive osseous surgery (osseous grafts with classification of grafts)

-Healing responses

-Other regenerative procedures; root conditioning

Definition

Mucogingival problems: etiology, classification of gingival recession (P.D.Miller Jr. and Sullivan and Atkins)

Indications & objectives

Gingival extension procedures: lateral pedicle graft, frenectomy, frenotomy

Crown lengthening procedures

-Periodontal splints

-Purpose & classification

Definition, types, scope &biomaterials used.

Maintenance phase (SPT)

-Aims, objectives, and principles

-Importance

-Procedures

-Periodontal dressings

-Antibiotics & anti-inflammatory drugs

-Pulpo-periodontal involvement

-Routes of spread of infection

-Simons’ classification

Motivation of patients- oral hygiene instructions Students should be able to record a detailed periodontal case history, determine diagnosis, prognosis and plan treatment. Student should perform scaling ,root planning local drug delivery and SPT. Shall be given demonstration of all periodontal surgical procedures

A work record should be maintained by all the students and should be submitted at the time of examination after due certification from the head of the department. Students should have to complete the work prescribed by the concerned department from time to time and submit a certified record for evaluation.