5th BDS Year SYLLABUS
 
   SYLLABUS
 
  Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
  Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
  Public Health Dentistry
   
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
     
Paper No. –III : Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

Teaching Scheme

Examination Scheme

Total Marks

Hours Per year

Lectures Practicals/Clinical
70 360

430 Hrs

Theory Marks

Final Viva Voce Internal
70 20 10

100

Practical Marks

Final Internal
90 10

100

200
     
  ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY & ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY
     
  AIM OF THE COURSE
 

 “To produce a graduate who is competent in performing extraction of teeth under both local and general anaesthesia, prevent and manage related complications, acquire a reasonable knowledge and understanding of the various diseases, injuries, infections occurring in the Oral & Maxillofacial region and offer solutions to such of those common conditions and has an exposure in to the in-patient management of maxillofacial problems.”

  OBJECTIVES:
  a)

Knowledge & Understanding: At the end of the course and the clinical training the graduate is expected to -

   
1.

Able to apply the knowledge gained in the related medical subjects like pathology, microbiology and general medicine in the management of patients with oral surgical problem.

2.

Able to diagnose, manage and treat (understand the principles of treatment of) patients with oral surgical problems.

3. Knowledge of range of surgical treatments.
4.

Ability to decide the requirement of a patient to have oral surgical specialist opinion or treatment.

5. Understand the principles of in-patient management.
6.

Understanding of the management of major oral surgical procedures and principles involved in patient management.

7. Should know ethical issues and communication ability.
  b) Skills:
   
1.

A graduate should have acquired the skill to examine any patient with an oral surgical problem in an orderly manner. Be able to understand requisition of various clinical and laboratory investigations and is capable of formulating differential diagnosis.

2.

Should be competent in the extraction of teeth under both local and general anaesthesia.

3.

Should be able to carry out certain minor oral surgical procedures under L.A. like frenectomy, alveolar procedures & biopsy etc.

4.

Ability to assess, prevent and manage various complications during and after surgery.

5.

Able to provide primary care and manage medical emergencies in the dental office.

6.

Understanding of the management of major oral surgical problems and principles involved in inpatient management.

  DETAILED SYLLABUS
  1. Introduction, definition, scope, aims and objectives.
  2. Diagnosis in oral surgery:
  a. History taking
  b. Clinical examination © Investigations.
  3.

Principles of infection control and cross-infection control with particular reference to HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis.

  4. Principles of Oral Surgery -
  Asepsis: Definition, measures to prevent introduction of infection during surgery.
  a.

Biologic considerations for maxillary and mandibular impression including anatomy landmark and their interpretation.

  1. Preparation of the patient
  2. Measures to be taken by operator
  3. Sterilisation of instruments - various methods of sterilisation etc.
  4. Surgery set up.
  b. Painless Surgery:
  1. Pre- anaesthetic considerations & Pre-medication: purpose, drugs used
  2. Anaesthetic considerations - a) Local b) Local with IV sedations
  3. Use of general anaesthetic
  c) Access:
  Intra-oral: Mucoperiosteal flaps, principles, commonly used intra oral incisions.
  Bone Removal: Methods of bone removal.
  Use of Burs: Advantages & precautions
  Bone cutting instruments: Principles of using chisel & osteotome.
 

Extra-oral: Skin incisions - principles, various extra-oral incision to expose facial skeleton.

  a) Submandibular & Pre auricular
  b) Incision to expose maxilla & orbit
  c) Bicoronal incision
  d)

Control of haemorrhage during surgery Normal Haemostasis Local measures available to control bleeding Hypotensive anaesthesia etc.

  e) Drainage & Debridement Purpose of drainage in surgical wounds - Types of drains used
    Debridement: purpose, soft tissue & bone debridement.
  f. Closure of wounds
  Suturing: Principles, suture material, classification, body response to various materials etc.
  g. Post operative care - Post operative instructions
    Physiology of cold and heat
    Control of pain - analgesics
    Control of infection - antibiotics
    Control of swelling - anti-inflammatory drugs
    Long term post operative follow up - significance.
  5. Exodontia: General considerations
  Ideal Extraction.
  Indications for extraction of teeth
  Extractions in medically compromised patients.
  Methods of extraction -
    (a) Forceps or intra-alveolar or closed method.
  Principles, types of movement, force etc.
    (b) Trans-alveolar, surgical or open method
  Indications, surgical procedure.
Dental elevators: uses, classification, principles in the use of elevators, commonly used elevators.
 
Complications of Exodontia -
Complications during exodontia
Common to both maxilla and mandible.
Post-operative complications -
Prevention and management of complications.
  6. Impacted teeth: Incidence, definition, aetiology.
    (a) Impacted mandibular third molar.
    Classification, reasons for removal,
              Assessment - both clinical & radiological
              Surgical procedures for removal.
              Complications during and after removal, Prevention and management.
    (b) Maxillary third molar,
    Indications for removal, classification,
              Surgical procedure for removal.
    (c) Impacted maxillary canine
    Reasons for canine impaction,
    Localization, indications for removal,
    Methods of management, labial and palatal approach,
    Surgical exposure, transplantation, removal etc.
  7. Pre-prosthetic Surgery:
    Definition, classification of procedures
    (a) Corrective procedures: Alveoloplasty,
    Reduction of maxillary tuberosities,
    Frenoctemies and removal of tori.
     
    (b) Ridge extension or Sulcus extension procedures
    Indications and various surgical procedures
     
    (c) Ridge augmentation and reconstruction.
    Indications, use of bone grafts,
    Hydroxyapatite
    Implants - concept of osseo integration
    Knowledge of various types of implants and surgical procedure to place implants.
  8. Diseases of the maxillary sinus
    Surgical anatomy of the sinus.
    Sinusitis both acute and chronic
    Surgical approach of sinus - Caldwell-Luc procedure
    Removal of root from the sinus.
   

Oro-antral fistula - aetiology, clinical features and various surgical methods for closure.

  9. Disorders of T.M. Joint
    Applied surgical anatomy of the joint.
    Dislocation - Types, aetiology, clinical features and management.
    Ankylosis - Definition, aetiology, clinical features and management
    Myo-facial pain dysfunction syndrome, aetiology, clinical features, management -
    Non surgical and surgical.
    Internal derangement of the joint.
    Arthritis of T.M. Joint.
     
  10. Infections of the Oral cavity
   

Introduction, factors responsible for infection, course of odontogenic infections, spread of odontogenic infections through various facial spaces.

    Dento-alveolar abscess - aetiology, clinical features and management.
   

Osteomyelitis of the jaws - definition, aetiology, pre-disposing factors, classification, clinical features and management.

   

Ludwigs angina - definition, aetiology, clinical features, management and complications.

     
  11. Benign cystic lesions of the jaws - Definition, classification, pathogenesis.
    Diagnosis - Clinical features, radiological, aspiration biopsy, use of contrast media and histopathology.
   

Management - Types of surgical procedures, Rationale of the techniques, indications, procedures, complications etc.

     
  12. Tumours of the Oral cavity - General considerations
    Non odontogenetic benign tumours occuring in oral cavity - fibroma, papilloma, lipoma, ossifying fibroma, mynoma etc.
    Ameloblastoma - Clinical features, radiological appearance and methods of management.
    Carcinoma of the oral cavity -
    Biopsy - types
    TNM classification.
   

Outline of management of squamous Cell carcinoma: surgery, radiation and chemotherapy Role of dental surgeons in the prevention and early detection of oral cancer.

     
  13.

Fractures of the jaws - General considerations, types of fractures, aetiology, clinical features and general principles of management. mandibular fractures - Applied anatomy, classification.

    Diagnosis - Clinical and radiological
    Management - Reduction closed and open Fixation and immobilisation methods
    Outline of rigid and semi-rigid internal fixation.
   

Fractures of the condyle - aetiology, classification, clinical features, principles of management.

    Fractures of the middle third of the face.
   

Definition of the mid face, applied surgical anatomy, classification, clinical features and outline of management.

    Alveolar fractures - methods of management
    Fractures of the Zygomatic complex
   

Classification, clinical features, indications for treatment, various methods of reduction and fixation.

    Complications of fractures - delayed union, non-union and malunion.
     
  14. Salivary gland diseases - Diagnosis of salivary gland diseases’ Sialography, contrast media, procedure.
    Infections of the salivary glands
    Sialolithiasis - Sub mandibular duct and gland and parotid duct.
    Clinical features, management.
    Salivary fistulae
   

Common tumours of salivary glands like Pleomorphic adenoma including minor salivary glands.

     
  15. Jaw deformities - Basic forms - Prognathism, Retrognathism and open bite.
    Reasons for correction.
    Outline of surgical methods carried out on mandible and maxilla.
     
  16.

Neurological disorders - Trigeminal neuralgia - definition, aetiology, clinical features and methods of management including surgical.

    Facial paralysis - Aetiology, clinical features.
    Nerve injuries - Classification, neurorhaphy etc.
     
  17.

Cleft Lip and Palate - Aetiology of the clefts, incidence, classification, role of dental surgeon in the management of cleft patients.

    Outline of the closure procedures.
     
  18. Medical Emergencies in dental practice -
    Primary care of medical emergencies in dental practice particularly -
    (a) Cardio vascular (b) Respiratory (c) Endocrine
    (d) Anaphylactic reaction (e) Epilepsy (f) Epilepsy
     
  19. Emergency drugs & Intra muscular I.V. Injections -
    Applied anatomy, Ideal location for giving these injections, techniques etc.
     
  20. Oral Implantology
  21. Ethics
     
  LOCAL ANAESTHESIA:
     
 

Introduction, concept of L.A., classification of local anaesthetic agents, ideal requirements, mode of action, types of local anaesthesia, complications.

  Use of Vaso constrictors in local anaesthetic solution -
  Advantages, contra-indications, various vaso constrictors used.
  Anaesthesia of the mandible -
  Pterygomandibular space - boundaries, contents etc.
  Interior Dental Nerve Block - various techniques
  Complications
  Mental foramen nerve block
  Anaesthesia of Maxilla -
  Intra - orbital nerve block.
  Posterior superior alveolar nerve block
  Maxillary nerve block – techniques
   
  GENERAL ANAESTHESIA –
   
  Concept of general anaesthesia.
  Indications of general anaesthesia in dentistry.
  Pre-anaesthetic evaluation of the patient.
  Pre-anaesthetic medication - advantages, drugs used.
  Commonly used anaesthetic agents.
  Complication during and after G.A.
  I.V. sedation with Diazepam and Medozolam.
  Indications, mode of action, technique etc.
  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  Use of oxygen and emergency drugs.
  Tracheostomy.
   
  RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
  1. Impacted teeth; Alling John F & etal.
  2. Principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery; Vol.1,2 & 3 Peterson LJ & etal.
  3. Text book of oral and maxillofacial surgery; Srinivasan B.
  4. Handbook of medical emergencies in the dental office, Malamed SF.
  5. Killeys Fractures of the mandible; Banks P.
  6. Killeys fractures of the middle 3rd of the facial skeleton; Banks P.
  7. The maxillary sinus and its dental implications; McGovanda
  8. Killey and Kays outline of oral surgery – Part-1; Seward GR & etal
  9. Essentials of safe dentistry for the medically compromised patients; Mc Carthy FM
  10. Oral & maxillofacial surgery, Vol 2; Laskin DM
  11. Extraction of teeth;Howe, GL
  12. Minor Oral Surgery; Howe.GL
  13. Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery; Peterson I.J.& EA
  14. Oral and maxillofacial infections; Topazian RG & Goldberg MH
 
 
 
 
 
1) MPDC gets permission to start Dental Technician courses
2) MPDC gets inspection for Dental Hygienist course
3) MPDC planning to start MDS courses by 2011.
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