General Human Anatomy including Embryology & Histology

Paper No. –III : Dental Anatomy, Embryology and Oral Histology

DENTAL ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND ORAL HISTOLOGY.

INTORDUCTION

Dental anatomy including embryology and oral histology - a composite of basic Dental Sciences & their clinical applications.

Age estimation by patterns of teeth eruption from plaster casts of different age groups.

The student is expected to appreciate the normal development, morphology, structure & functions of oral tissues & variations in different pathological/non-pathological states.

The student should understand the histological basis of various dental treatment procedures andphysiologic ageing process in the dental tissues.

The students must know the basic knowledge of various research methodologies.

I.

Human dentition, types of teeth, & functions, Palmer's & Binomial notation systems, tooth surfaces, their junctions - line angles & point angles, definition of terms used in dental morphology, geometric concepts in tooth morphology, contact areas & embrasures - Clinical significance.

Description of individual teeth, along with their endodontic anatomy & including a note on their chronology of development, differences between similar class of teeth & identification of individual teeth.

Description of individual deciduous teeth, including their chronology of development, endodontic anatomy, differences between similar class of teeth & identification of individual teeth.

Definition, factors influencing occlusion - basal bone, arch, individual teeth, external & internal forces & sequence of eruption.

Brief review of development of face, jaws, lip, palate & tongue, with applied aspects.

Epithelial mesenchymal interaction, detailed study of different stages of development of crown, root & supporting tissues of tooth & detailed study of formation of calcified tissues.

Mechanisms in tooth eruption, different theories & histology of eruption, formation of dentogingival junction, role of gubernacular cord in eruption of permanent teeth.

Detailed microscopic study of Enamel, Dentine, Cementum & Pulp tissue. Age changes & Applied aspects (Clinical and forensic significance) of histological considerations - Fluoride applications, transparent dentine, dentine hypersensitivity, reaction of pulp tissue to varying insults to exposed dentine ; Pulp calcifications & Hypercementosis.

Detailed microscopic study of Periodontal ligament & alveolar bone, age changes, histological changes in periodontal ligament & bone in normal & orthodontic tooth movement, applied aspects of alveolar bone resorption.

Detailed microscopic study of Oral Mucosa, variation in structure in relation to functional requirements, mechanisms of keratinization, clinical parts of gingiva, Dentogingival & Mucocutaneous junctions & lingual papillae. Age changes & clinical considerations.

Review of basic anatomical aspects & microscopiuc study & clinical considerations.

Microscopic study, anatomical variations, functions & clinical relevance of maxillary sinus in dental practice.

Composition of saliva - variations, formation of saliva & mechanisms of secretion, salivary reflexes, brief review of secretomotor pathway, functions, role of saliva in dental caries & applied aspects of hyper & hypo salivation.

Masticatory force & its measurement - need for mastication, peculiarities of masticatory muscles, masticatory cycle, masticatory reflexes & neural control of mastication.

Review of the steps in deglutition, swallowing in infants, neural control of deglutition & dysphagia.

Source, requirements, absorption, distribution, functions & excretion, clinical considerations, hypo & hypercalcemia & hyper & hypo phosphatemia & fluorosis.

Applied aspects of physiology of mineralization, pathological considerations - calculus formation.

Innervation of taste buds & taste pathway, physiologic basis of taste sensation, age changes & applied aspects - taste disorders.

Voice production, resonators, production of vowels & different consonants - Role of palate, teeth & tongue.